Inhibitors of secretion of hepatitis B virus antigens

ABSTRACT

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise triazolopyrimidines useful for the treatment of hepatitis virus in a patient.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S.patent application No. 13/877,870, filed Apr. 4, 2013, now issued asU.S. Pat. No. 8,921,381, which is the National Stage Entry of, andclaims priority to, International Application No. PCT/US2011/054726,filed Oct. 4, 2011, which claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/389,321, filed Oct. 4, 2010, wherein the contents ofeach of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties for all purposes.

SEQUENCE LISTING

The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has beensubmitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Nov. 17, 2014, isnamed 101915.000575_SL.txt and is 4,237 bytes in size.

STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH

The U.S. Government has a paid-up license in this invention and theright in limited circumstances to require the patent owner to licenseothers on reasonable terms as provided for by the terms of grant number1R43AI077123-01A1 awarded by the National Institute of Allergy andInfectious Diseases.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating ahepatitis virus in a patient.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Hepatitis B is one of the world's most prevalent diseases. Although mostindividuals seem to resolve the infection following acute symptoms,approximately 30% of cases become chronic. According to currentestimates, 350-400 million people worldwide have chronic hepatitis B,leading to 500,000-1,000,000 deaths per year due largely to thedevelopment of hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, and othercomplications. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine,immunoglobulin therapy, interferon, and antiviral drugs, hepatitis Bremains a major global health problem.

The causative agent is hepatitis B virus (HBV), a small DNA virus thatis considered to be the prototypical member of the hepadnaviridae. HBVis an enveloped virus with an unusual mode of replication, centering onthe establishment of a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) copy ofits genome in the host cell nucleus. This episomal form is establishedfrom conversion of the partially double stranded circular DNA (relaxedcircular, or rcDNA) genome upon initial infection, and functions as thetemplate for all HBV mRNAs. Unlike the mechanisms of most other DNAviruses, HBV cccDNA replicates through retrotranscription of a 1.1genome unit-length RNA copy (pregenomic, or pgRNA) which is originallytranscribed from the cccDNA template, and which is acted upon by avirus-encoded polymerase to yield progeny rcDNA. HBV DNA synthesis iscoupled to assembly of its capsid, and most copies of the encapsidatedgenome then efficiently associate with the envelope proteins for virionassembly and secretion; a minority of these genomes are shunted to thenucleus where they are converted to cccDNA, thus amplifying levels ofthe episome.

As the only enzyme encoded by HBV, the polymerase has beenwell-exploited as a target for antiviral drug development, with fournucleoside-analogous polymerase inhibitors already FDA-approved, andothers in development. Mutations in the primary sequence of thepolymerase that confer resistance to lamivudine and adefovir have beenidentified clinically, and underlie a rebound of serum virus titers that70% of treated patients experience within three years of startinglamivudine therapy. Although resistance to telbivudine, adefovir andentecavir occurs more rarely, it has been recorded. α-Interferon is theother major therapy available for hepatitis B, but is limited by poorlong-term response and debilitating side effects. Hence, there iscertainly a medical need for treatments with improved characteristics,and for a diversity of approaches in developing HBV therapies.

Aside from being a critical structural component of the virion, the HBVenvelope is a major factor in the disease process. In chronicallyinfected individuals, serum levels of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) can beas high as 400 μg/ml, driven by the propensity for infected cells tosecrete non-infectious subviral particles at levels far in excess ofinfectious (Dane) particles. HBsAg comprises the principal antigenicdeterminant in HBV infection and is composed of the small, middle andlarge surface antigens (S, M, and L, respectively). These proteins areproduced from a single open reading frame as three separateN-glycosylated polypeptides through utilization of alternativetranscriptional start sites (for L and M/S mRNAs) and initiation codons(for L, M and S).

Although the viral polymerase and HBsAg perform very differentfunctions, both are essential proteins for the virus to complete itslife cycle and be infectious. That is, HBV lacking HBsAg is completelydefective and cannot infect or cause infection. HBsAg is needed toprotect the virus nucleocapsid, to begin the infectious cycle, and tomediate morphogenesis and secretion of newly forming virus from theinfected cell.

People who are chronically infected with HBV are usually characterizedby readily detectable levels of circulating antibody specific to theviral capsid (HBc), with little, if any detectable levels of antibody toHBsAg. There is some evidence that chronic carriers do produceantibodies to HBsAg, but these antibodies are complexed with thecirculating HBsAg, which can be present in milligram per milliliteramounts in a chronic carrier's circulation.

Reducing the amount of circulating levels of HBsAg might permit whateveranti-HBsA is present to gain a foothold and enable the antibody tomanage the infection. Moreover, even if nucleocapsids, free of HBsAg,were to be expressed or secreted in to the circulation, perhaps as aresult of cell death, the high levels of antiHBc would be expected toquickly complex with them and result in their clearance.

A study of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) has indicated that the presenceof subviral particles in a culture of infected hepatocytes may have atransactivating function on viral genomic replication. In addition, along-held tenet of HBV biology is that this circulating surface antigenfunctions to suppress virus-specific immune response. In chronicwoodchuck hepatitis virus (WHY) infection, a reduction of antigenemiathrough clevudine treatment resulted in a positive response tovaccination indicating that circulating antigen may indeed suppress theimmune response. Furthermore, the scarcity of virus-specific cytotoxic Tlymphocytes (CTLs) that is a hallmark of chronic WHY and HBV infectionmay be due to repression of MHC I presentation by intracellularexpression of L and M in infected hepatocytes. Existing FDA-approvedtherapies do not significantly affect HBsAg levels in the serum.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions of aneffective amount of a compound selected from Formulas I, II, III, IV, Vand VI and mixtures thereof:

wherein

-   R₁-R₁₂ are independently phenyl or Het, wherein each phenyl or Het    is optionally substituted with at least one substituent    independently selected from the group consisting of (C₁₋₇) alkyl,    (C₂₋₆)alkenyl, (C₂₋₆)alkynyl, (C₂₋₇)alkanoyl, (C₂₋₇)alkanoyloxy,    (C₃₋₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₁₋₇)acyl, aryl, halo, OR_(a), trifluoromethoxy,    trifluoromethyl, NO₂, NR_(a)R_(b), cyano, CONR_(a)R_(b),    SO_(m)R_(a), S(O)_(m)NR_(a)R_(b), P(═O)(OR_(a))(R_(a)), and Het,    wherein (C₁₋₇)alkyl or (C₃₋₁₂)cycloalkyl are each independently    optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 aryl, Het, OR_(a), halo,    NO₂, NR_(a)R_(b), cyano, CONR_(a)R_(b), CO₂R, SO_(m)R_(a),    S(O)_(m)NR_(a)R_(b), or P(═O)(OR_(a))(R_(a));-   X₁-X₁₂ are independently a bond or a saturated or unsaturated    alkylene group;-   R_(a) and R_(b) are each independently H, (C₁₋₇)alkyl,    (C₃₋₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₂₋₇)alkanoyl, (C₂₋₇)alkanoyloxy, or aryl, or    R_(a) and R_(b) together with a nitrogen to which they are attached    form a Het;-   m is 0, 1, or 2;-   n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   or a derivative of said compound selected from the group consisting    of N-oxide derivatives, prodrug derivatives, protected derivatives,    isomers, and mixtures of isomers of said compound; or a    pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound or said    derivative and-   (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Also provided are compounds of Formula VII

wherein

-   X₁, X₂, R₁, R₂, R₇ are described as above;-   R₁₃ is independently H, (C₁₋₇)alkyl, (C₃₋₁₂)cycloalkyl,    (C₂₋₇)alkanoyl, (C₂₋₇)alkanoyloxy, or aryl;

Methods for treating a hepatitis virus in a patient by administering aneffective amount of a compound of formulas I-VII to a patient in needthereof are also presented. In one embodiment, the method includesadministering to the patient an effective amount of a compound offormulas I-VII that reduces the serum level of hepatitis B surfaceantigen (HBsAg) in the patient.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating ahepatitis virus in a patient.

As used above, and throughout the description of the invention, thefollowing terms, unless otherwise indicated, shall be understood to havethe following meanings:

“Patient” means a mammal including a human.

“Effective amount” means an amount of compound of the present inventioneffective for treating a hepatitis virus, and thus producing the desiredtherapeutic effect.

“Treat” or “treatment” or “treating” mean to lessen, eliminate, inhibit,improve, alter, or prevent a disease or condition, for example byadministration of compound of the present invention.

“Alkyl” means aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be branched orstraight-chained having about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms. Preferredalkyl is “lower alkyl” having about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; morepreferred is methyl. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groupssuch as methyl, ethyl, or propyl are attached to a linear alkyl chain.The alkyl group is also optionally substituted by alkoxy, halo, carboxy,hydroxy or R_(e)R_(f)N— (wherein R_(e) and R_(f) are independentlyhydrogen or alkyl, or R_(e) and R_(f) taken together with the nitrogenatom to which R_(e) and R_(f) are attached form azaheterocyclyl); andpreferably optionally substituted by fluoro. Examples of alkyl includemethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, n-propyl,isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, amyl and hexyl.

“Cycloalkyl” means a non-aromatic monocyclic ring system of about 3 toabout 7 carbon atoms. Preferred monocyclic cycloalkyl rings includecyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl; more preferred are cyclohexyland cyclopentyl.

“Aryl” means aromatic carbocyclic radical containing about 6 to about 10carbon atoms. Exemplary aryl include phenyl or naphthyl, or phenyl ornaphthyl substituted with one or more aryl group substituents which maybe the same or different, where “aryl group substituent” includeshydrogen, hydroxy, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl orY₁Y₂)NCO—, wherein Y 1 and Y2 are independently hydrogen or alkyl.

“Het” is a four- (4), five- (5), six- (6), or seven- (7) memberedsaturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1, 2, 3, or 4heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxy, thio, sulfinyl,sulfonyl, and nitrogen, which ring is optionally fused to a benzenering. Het includes “heteroaryl,” which encompasses about a 5- to about a10-membered aromatic monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring system inwhich one to three of the atoms in a monocyclic ring system, and one tofour of the atoms in a bicyclic ring system, is/are elements(s) otherthan carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. The “heteroaryl”may also be substituted by one or more of the above-mentioned “arylgroup substituents”. Exemplary heteroaryl groups include substitutedpyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl,isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazoly, pyrazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolyl,imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl, benzofurzanyl, indolyl, azaindolyl,benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl and isoquinolinyl.

“Acyl” means an H—CO— or alkyl-CO— group in which the alkyl group is aspreviously described. Preferred acyls contain a lower alkyl. Exemplaryacyl groups include formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, 2-methylpropanoyl,butanoyl and caproyl.

“Alkoxy” means an alkyl-O— group in which the alkyl group is aspreviously described. Preferred alkoxy is “lower alkoxy” having about 1to about 3 carbon atoms; more preferred is methoxy. The alkoxy may beoptionally substituted by one or more alkoxy, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl,carboxyaryl or ReRfN— (wherein Re and Rf are as defined above).Exemplary alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy,n-butoxy, heptoxy, 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy and 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy.

“Aryloxy” means aryl-O— group in which the aryl group is as previouslydescribed.

“Acyloxy” means and acyl-O— group in which the acyl group is aspreviously described.

“Carboxy” means a HO(O)C— (carboxylic acid) group.

“R_(e)R_(f)N—” means a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, whereinRe and Rf are as previously described. Exemplary groups include amino(H₂N—), methylamino, ethyl methylamino, dimethylamino and diethylamino.

“R_(e)R_(f)NCO—” means a substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group,wherein Re and Rf are as previously described. Exemplary groups arecarbamoyl (H₂NCO—) are dimethylaminocarbamoyl (Me₂NCO—).

“AcylReN—” means an acylamino group wherein Re and acyl are as definedherein.

“Halo” means fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo. Preferred are fluoro,chloro or bromo, and more preferred are fluoro or chloro.

“Prodrug” means a form of the compound suitable for administration to apatient without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and thelike, and effective for their intended use. A prodrug is transformed invivo to yield the parent compound of the above formula, for example byhydrolysis in blood. A thorough discussion is provided in T. Higuchi andV. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, Vol. 14 of the A. C. S.Symposium Series, and in Edward B. Roche, et., Bioreversible Carriers inDrug Design, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press,1987, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

“Solvate” means a physical association of a compound of this inventionwith one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involvesvarying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogenbonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation,for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in thecrystal lattice of the crystalline solid. “Solvate” encompasses bothsolution-phase and isolable solvates. Representative solvates includeethanolates, methanolates, and the like. “Hydrate” is a solvate whereinthe solvent molecule(s) is/are H₂O.

“Substituent of a ring structure” means any atom or group of atomsbonded to a ring in a molecule.

The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions of aneffective amount of a compound selected from Formulas I, II, III, IV, Vand VI and mixtures thereof:

wherein

-   R₁-R₁₂ are independently phenyl or Het, wherein each phenyl or Het    is optionally substituted with at least one substituent    independently selected from the group consisting of (C₁₋₇)alkyl,    (C₂₋₆)alkenyl, (C₂₋₆)alkynyl, (C₂₋₇)alkanoyl, (C₂₋₇)alkanoyloxy,    (C₃₋₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₁₋₇)acyl, aryl, halo, OR_(a), trifluoromethoxy,    trifluoromethyl, NO₂, NR_(a)R_(b), cyano, CONR_(a)R_(b),    SO_(m)R_(a), S(O)mNR_(a)R_(b), P(═O)(OR_(a))(R_(a)), and Het,    wherein (C₁₋₇)alkyl or (C₃₋₁₂)cycloalkyl are each independently    optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 aryl, Het, OR_(a), halo,    NO₂, NR_(a)R_(b), cyano, CONR_(a)R_(b), CO₂R, SO_(m)R_(a),    S(O)_(m)NR_(a)R_(b), or P(═O)(OR_(a))(R_(a));-   X₁-X₁₂ are independently a bond or a saturated or unsaturated    alkylene group;-   R_(a) and R_(b) are each independently H, (C₁₋₇)alkyl,    (C₃₋₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₂₋₇)alkanoyl, (C₂₋₇)alkanoyloxy, or aryl, or    R_(a) and R_(b) together with a nitrogen to which they are attached    form a Het;-   m is 0, 1, or 2;-   n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   or a derivative of said compound selected from the group consisting    of N-oxide derivatives, prodrug derivatives, protected derivatives,    isomers, and mixtures of isomers of said compound; or a    pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound or said    derivative and-   (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Also provided are compounds of Formula VII

Wherein

-   X₁, X₂, R₁, R₂, R₇ are described as above;-   R₁₃ is independently H, (C₁₋₇)alkyl, (C₃₋₁₂)cycloalkyl,    (C₂₋₇)alkanoyl, (C₂₋₇)alkanoyloxy, or aryl;

Exemplary embodiments include compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form thereof of the non-limiting examples defined herein below inTable 1.

TABLE 1 Example number Compound name  17-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine  25-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine  35-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine  47-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine  57-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine  67-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine  77-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine  85-(4-Bromophenyl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine  97-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 107-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 115-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 127-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(naphtha1en-2-yl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 137-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 147-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 157-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 167-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 177-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 18cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 19cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 20cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 21cis-7-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 22cis-7-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 23cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 24cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 25cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 26cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 27cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 28cis-5-(4-Bromophenyl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 29cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 30cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 31cis-5-([1,1-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 32cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 33cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 34cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 35cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 36cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 37cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 38cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 39cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 40a(R,S)-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 40b(S,R)-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

For the purposes of demonstrating the manner in which the compounds ofthe present invention are named and referred to herein, the compoundhaving the formula:

has the chemical namecis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.

For the purposes of the present invention, a compound depicted by theracemic formula, for example:

will stand equally well for either of the two enantiomers having theformula:

or the formula:

or mixtures thereof, or m the case where a third chiral center ispresent, all diastereomers.

For the purposes of demonstrating the manner in which the compounds ofthe present invention are named and referred to herein, the compoundhaving the formula:

has the chemical name7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.

For the purposes of the present invention, a compound depicted by theracemic formula, for example:

will stand equally well for either of the two enantiomers having theformula:

or the formula:

or mixtures thereof, or in the case where a second chiral center ispresent, all diastereomers.

In all of the embodiments provided herein, examples of suitable optionalsubstituents are not intended to limit the scope of the claimedinvention. The compounds of the invention may contain any of thesubstituents, or combinations of substituents, provided herein.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that compounds of theinvention having a chiral center may exist in and be isolated inoptically active and racemic forms. Some compounds may exhibitpolymorphism. It is to be understood that the present inventionencompasses any racemic, optically-active, polymorphic, tautomeric, orstereoisomeric form, or mixture thereof, of a compound of the invention,which possesses the useful properties described herein, it being wellknown in the art how to prepare optically active forms (for example, byresolution of the racemic form by recrystallization techniques, bysynthesis from optically-active starting materials, by chiral synthesis,or by chromatographic separation using a chiral stationary phase).

The compounds of this invention may be prepared by employing proceduresknown in the literature starting from known compounds or readilyprepared intermediates.

The compounds of formulas I-VII can be included in pharmaceuticalcompositions to treat, for example, a hepatitis virus in a patient.Examples of hepatitis viruses include viruses of the hepadnaviridaefamily, for example hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis delta virus.

In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition further includes anantiviral compound. In another embodiment, the antiviral compound isselected from nucleoside antiviral compounds, nucleotide antiviralcompounds, and mixtures thereof.

Also provided is a method for treating a hepatitis virus in a patient byadministering an effective amount of the compound of formulas I-VII to apatient in need thereof. An additional method for treating a hepatitisvirus in a patient includes administering to the patient an effectiveamount of a compound of formula I that reduces the serum level ofhepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the patient.

In practice, a composition containing a compound of formulas I-VII maybe administered in any variety of suitable forms, for example, byinhalation, topically, parenterally, rectally, or orally. More specificroutes of administration include intravenous, intramuscular,subcutaneous, intraocular, intrasynovial, colonical, peritoneal,transepithelial including transdermal, ophthalmic, sublingual, buccal,dermal, ocular, nasal inhalation via insufflation, and aerosol.

A composition containing a compound of formulas I-VII may be presentedin forms permitting administration by the most suitable route. Theinvention also relates to administering compositions containing acompound of formulas I-VII which is suitable for use as a medicament ina patient. These compositions may be prepared according to the customarymethods, using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants orexcipients. The adjuvants comprise, inter alia, diluents, sterileaqueous media and the various non-toxic organic solvents. Thecompositions may be presented in the form of oral dosage forms, orinjectable solutions, or suspensions.

The choice of vehicle and the compound of formulas I-VII in the vehicleare generally determined in accordance with the solubility and chemicalproperties of the product, the particular mode of administration and theprovisions to be observed in pharmaceutical practice. When aqueoussuspensions are used they may contain emulsifying agents or agents whichfacilitate suspension. Diluents such as sucrose, ethanol, polyols suchas polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol, and chloroform ormixtures thereof may also be used. In addition, the compound of formulasI-VII may be incorporated into sustained-release preparations andformulations.

For parenteral administration, emulsions, suspensions or solutions ofthe compounds according to the invention in vegetable oil, for examplesesame oil, groundnut oil or olive oil, or aqueous-organic solutionssuch as water and propylene glycol, injectable organic esters such asethyl oleate, as well as sterile aqueous solutions of thepharmaceutically acceptable salts, are used. The injectable forms mustbe fluid to the extent that it can be easily syringed, and properfluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such aslecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the caseof dispersion and by the use of surfactants. Prolonged absorption of theinjectable compositions can be brought about by use of agents delayingabsorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin. Thesolutions of the salts of the products according to the invention areespecially useful for administration by intramuscular or subcutaneousinjection. Solutions of the compound of formulas I-VII as a free base orpharmacologically acceptable salt can be prepared in water suitablymixed with a surfactant such as hydroxypropyl-cellulose. Dispersion canalso be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixturesthereof and in oils. The aqueous solutions, also comprising solutions ofthe salts in pure distilled water, may be used for intravenousadministration with the proviso that their pH is suitably adjusted, thatthey are judiciously buffered and rendered isotonic with a sufficientquantity of glucose or sodium chloride and that they are sterilized byheating, irradiation, microfiltration, and/or by various antibacterialand antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol,sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like.

Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by incorporating the compoundof formulas I-vii in the required amount in the appropriate solvent withvarious of the other ingredients enumerated above, as required, followedby filtered sterilization. Generally, dispersions are prepared byincorporating the various sterilized active ingredient into a sterilevehicle which contains the basic dispersion medium and the requiredother ingredients from those enumerated above. In the case of sterilepowders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, thepreferred methods of preparation are vacuum drying and the freeze dryingtechnique, which yield a powder of the active ingredient plus anyadditional desired ingredient from previously sterile-filtered solutionthereof.

Topical administration, gels (water or alcohol based), creams orointments containing the compound of formulas I-VII may be used. Thecompound of formulas I-VII may be also incorporated in a gel or matrixbase for application in a patch, which would allow a controlled releaseof compound through transdermal barrier.

For administration by inhalation, the compound of formulas I-VII may bedissolved or suspended in a suitable carrier for use in a nebulizer or asuspension or solution aerosol, or may be absorbed or adsorbed onto asuitable solid carrier for use in a dry powder inhaler.

The percentage of compound of formulas I-VII in the compositions used inthe present invention may be varied, it being necessary that it shouldconstitute a proportion such that a suitable dosage shall be obtained.Obviously, several unit dosage forms may be administered at about thesame time. A dose employed may be determined by a physician or qualifiedmedical professional, and depends upon the desired therapeutic effect,the route of administration and the duration of the treatment, and thecondition of the patient. In the adult, the doses are generally fromabout 0.001 to about 50, preferably about 0.001 to about 5, mg/kg bodyweight per day by inhalation, from about 0.01 to about 100, preferably0.1 to 70, more especially 0.5 to 10, mg/kg body weight per day by oraladministration, and from about 0.001 to about 10, preferably 0.01 to 10,mg/kg body weight per day by intravenous administration. In eachparticular case, the doses are determined in accordance with the factorsdistinctive to the patient to be treated, such as age, weight, generalstate of health and other characteristics, which can influence theefficacy of the compound according to the invention.

The compound of formulas I-VII used in the invention may be administeredas frequently as necessary in order to obtain the desired therapeuticeffect. Some patients may respond rapidly to a higher or lower dose andmay find much weaker maintenance doses adequate. For other patients, itmay be necessary to have long term treatments at the rate of 1 to 4doses per day, in accordance with the physiological requirements of eachparticular patient. Generally, the compound of formulas I-VII may beadministered 1 to 4 times per day. Of course, for other patients, itwill be necessary to prescribe not more than one or two doses per day.

Process

Compounds of the present teachings can be prepared in accordance withthe procedures outlined herein, from commercially available startingmaterials, compounds known in the literature, or readily preparedintermediates, by employing standard synthetic methods and proceduresknown to those skilled in the art. Standard synthetic methods andprocedures for the preparation of organic molecules and functional grouptransformations and manipulations can be readily obtained from therelevant scientific literature or from standard textbooks in the field.It will be appreciated that where typical or preferred processconditions (i.e., reaction temperatures, times, mole ratios ofreactants, solvents, pressures, etc.) are given, other processconditions can also be used unless otherwise stated. Optimum reactionconditions can vary with the particular reactants or solvent used, butsuch conditions can be determined by one skilled in the art by routineoptimization procedures. Those skilled in the art of organic synthesiswill recognize that the nature and order of the synthetic stepspresented can be varied for the purpose of optimizing the formation ofthe compounds described herein.

The processes described herein can be monitored according to anysuitable method known in the art. For example, product formation can bemonitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopy (e.g., ¹H or ¹³C), infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry(e.g., UV-visible), mass spectrometry, or by chromatography such as highpressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC),gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), or thin layer chromatography (TLC).

Preparation of the compounds can involve protection and deprotection ofvarious chemical groups. The need for protection and deprotection andthe selection of appropriate protecting groups can be readily determinedby one skilled in the art. The chemistry of protecting groups can befound, for example, in Greene et al., Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis, 2d. Ed. (Wiley & Sons, 1991), the entire disclosure of whichis incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.

The reactions or the processes described herein can be carried out insuitable solvents which can be readily selected by one skilled in theart of organic synthesis. Suitable solvents typically are substantiallynonreactive with the reactants, intermediates, and/or products at thetemperatures at which the reactions are carried out, i.e., temperaturesthat can range from the solvent's freezing temperature to the solvent'sboiling temperature. A given reaction can be carried out in one solventor a mixture of more than one solvent. Depending on the particularreaction step, suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can beselected.

The compounds of these teachings can be prepared by methods known in theart of organic chemistry. The reagents used in the preparation of thecompounds of these teachings can be either commercially obtained or canbe prepared by standard procedures described in the literature.

The Examples provided below provide representative methods for preparingexemplary compounds of the present invention. The skilled practitionerwill know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materialsand purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order toprepare the compounds of the present invention.

¹H NMR spectra were recorded on 500 MHz or 300 MHz INOVA VARIAN (75 MHzfor ¹³C NMR; 282 MHz for ¹⁹F NMR) spectrometer. Chemical shifts valuesare given in ppm and referred as the internal standard to TMS(tetramethylsilane). The peak patterns are indicated as follows: s,singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quadruplet; m, multiplet and dd,doublet of doublets. The coupling constants (1) are reported in Hertz(Hz). Melting points were determined with a national micromelting pointapparatus without corrections. Mass Spectra were obtained on an AligentLC-MS spectrometer (ES-API, Positive). Silica gel column chromatographywas performed over silica gel 100-200 mesh, and the eluent was a mixtureof ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and Hexanes. All the tested compounds possess apurity of at least 95% as determined by HPLC. Analytical HPLC was run onthe Agilent 1100 HPLC instrument, equipped with Phenomenex® C12 column.Eluent system was: A (MeCN, 0.05% TFA) and C (H₂O, 0.05% TFA); flowrate=1 mL/min; Method A: 60% A, 40% C, A=219 nm; Method B: 70% A, 30% C,A=254 nm; Method C: 80% A, 20% C, A=254 nm. Retention times (tR) aregiven in minutes.

EXAMPLES

The examples below provide methods for preparing representativecompounds of formula (I-VII). The skilled practitioner will know how tosubstitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purificationmethods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepareadditional compounds of the present invention.

Example 1

Synthesis of7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.A solution of 1-(2-Chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-propenone(5 mmol) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (7.5 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) wasrefluxed for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature,diluted with water (50 mL) and stirred sufficiently. The resultingmixture was filtered and washed with water to give the crude product,which was further purified either by recrystallization from EtOAc orthrough silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/Hexanes 30:70) to affordthe product as a white solid. Yield: 78%. m.p. 213-215° C. Rf=0.43(EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=361. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.16(s, 1H, NH), 7.66-7.61 (m, 3H, CHar), 7.49-7.21 (m, 5H, CHar), 6.81-6.80(m, 1H, CH═C), 5.19 (s, 1H, CH). HPLC: 99.5% (Method B, tR=5.75 min).

The non-limiting compounds examples 2-16 were prepared according to theprocedures described in Examples 1 above using the correspondingreagents.

Example 2

5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 91%. m.p. 235° C. Rf=0.44 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=377. ¹HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.20 (s, 1H, NH), 7.65-7.35 (m, 8H, CHar),7.06 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H, CH═C), 5.10 (dd, J=3.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H, CH). HPLC:99.9% (Method B, tR=6.64 min).

Example 3

5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 83%. m.p. 223-224° C. Rf=0.40 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=345.¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.13 (s, 1H, NH), 7.66-7.61 (m, 3H, CHar),7.49-7.41 (m, 3H, CHar), 7.13-7.07 (m, 2H, CHar), 6.63 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H,CH═C), 5.26-5.25 (m, 1H, CH); ¹⁹F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ −118.26. ¹³CNMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 160.6 (dd, JC-F=247.9, 7.7 Hz, C), 150.5 (C),150.4 (C), 135.9 (C), 134.3 (C), 133.5 (CH), 131.4 (t, JC-F=10.7 Hz, C),129.2 (CH), 128.4 (CH), 117.2 (t, J C—F=15.2 Hz, C), 112.8 (d, JC—F=24.9 Hz, CH), 95.1 (CH), 50.8 (CH). HPLC: 98.8% (Method B, tR=4.96min).

Example 4

7-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 83%. m.p. 250-251° C. Rf=0.17 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=361.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.18 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.69 (s, ¹H,CHar), 7.64-7.61 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.49-7.46 (m, 3H, CHar), 7.25-7.22 (m,2H, CHar), 6.57 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H, CH═C), 5.17 (dd, J=3.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H,CH). HPLC: 98.4% (Method B, tR=6.39 min).

Example 5

7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 77%. m.p. 192-193° C. Rf=0.40 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=361.¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.12 (s, 1H, NH), 7.63 (s, 1H, CHar),7.54-7.25 (m, 7H, CHar), 6.57 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H, CH═C), 4.74 (s, 1H, CH).HPLC: 98.0% (Method B, tR=4.94 min).

Example 6

7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 88%. m.p. 246-248° C. Rf=0.36 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=361.¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.15 (s, 1H, NH), 7.66-7.17 (m, 8H, CHar),6.78 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H, CH═C), 5.26 (s, 1H, CH). HPLC: 97.5% (Method B,tR=5.85 min)

Example 7

7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 57%. m.p. 203-204° C. Rf=0.34 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=345.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.13 (s, 1H, NH), 7.68-7.63 (m, 3H, CHar),7.45-7.21 (m, 5H, CHar), 6.80-6.79 (m, 1H, CH═C), 5.12 (s, 1H, CH).HPLC: 96.4% (Method B, tR=4.62 min).

Example 8

5-(4-Bromophenyl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 73%. m.p. 242-243° C. Rf=0.28 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=407.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.16 (s, 1H, NH), 7.65-7.38 (m, 8H, CHar),6.80 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H, CH═C), 5.19 (s, 1H, CH). HPLC: 99.6% (Method B,tR=6.57 min).

Example 9

7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 76%. m.p. 220-221° C. Rf=0.40 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50) MS: MH+=355.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.15 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.64 (s, ¹H,CHar), 7.53-7.23 (m, 7H, CHar), 6.80-6.79 (m, 1H, CH═C), 5.81 (s, 1H,CH), 2.63 (q, J=1.8 Hz, 2H, CH2), 1.18 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H, CH3). HPLC:99.1% (Method B, tR=6.15 mm).

Example 10

7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 76%. m.p. 217-218° C. Rf=0.22 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=357.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.02 (s, 1H, NH), 7.64-6.94 (m, 8H, CHar),6.79-6.78 (m, 1H, CH═C), 5.03 (s, 1H, CH), 3.78 (s, 3H, OCH3). HPLC:99.1% (Method B, tR=4.32 min).

Example 11

5-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 81%. m.p. 267° C. Rf=0.17 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=403. 1HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.17 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.72-7.66 (m, 7H,CHar), 7.50-7.38 (m, 6H, CHar), 6.83 (m, 1H, CH═C), 5.22 (s, 1H, CH).HPLC: 99.1% (Method B, tR=7.85 min).

Example 12

7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 92%. m.p. 237° C. Rf=0.34 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=377. 1HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.25 (s, 1H, NH), 8.22 (s, 1H, CHar),7.97-7.92 (m, 3H, CHar), 7.75-7.40 (m, 7H, CHar), 6.87 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H,CH═C), 5.33 (s, 1H, CH). HPLC: 98.9% (Method B, tR=6.45 min)

Example 13

7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 57%. m.p. 246-247° C. Rf=0.30 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=395.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.20 (s, 1H, NH), 7.90 (d, 1=1.8 Hz, 1H,CHar), 7.69-7.19 (m, 6H, CHar), 6.82-6.80 (m, 1H, CH═C), 5.36 (s, 1H,CH). HPLC: 97.1% (Method B, tR=7.61 min)

Example 14

7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 52%. m.p. 209-211° C. Rf=0.46 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=395.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.14 (s, 1H, NH), 7.72-7.24 (m, 7H, CHar),6.80 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H, CH═C), 4.79 (s, 1H, CH). HPLC: 95.0% (Method B,tR=6.80 min).

Example 15

7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 66%. m.p. 186-188° C. Rf=0.46 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=363.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.15 (s, 1H, NH), 7.64-7.11 (m, 7H, CHar),6.81-6.80 (m, 1H, CH═C), 4.91 (s, 1H, CH). HPLC: 96.3% (Method B,tR=4.65 min).

Example 16

7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 70%. m.p. 217-218° C. Rf=0.40 (EtOAc/Hexanes 50:50). MS: MH+=355.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.00 (s, 1H, NH), 7.64 (s, 1H, CHar),7.42-7.14 (m, 6H, CHar), 6.79-6.78 (m, 1H, CH═C), 5.07 (s, 1H, CH).HPLC: 99.6% (Method B, tR=6.37 min).

Example 17

Synthesis of7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.A sample of NBS (299 mg, 1.68 mmol) was added to a solution of7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine(3a) (101 mg, 0.28 mmol) in isopropanol (5 mL). The reaction mixture wasrefluxed for 36 h, then cooled to room temperature, treated withsaturated NaHCO₃ solution 20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (15 mL×3). Thecombined organic layer was dried OVER Na₂SO₄ and evaporated underreduced pressure. The given residue was purified through silica gelcolumn chromatography (EtOAc/Hexanes 30:70) to afford a 42 mg whitesolid of 4a in 42% yield. m.p. 238-239° C. Rf=0.33 (EtOAc/Hexanes30:70). MS: MH+=359. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCh): δ 8.48 (s, 1H, CHar), 8.15(d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.57-7.39 (m, 5H, CHar), 7.20-7.19 (m, 1H,CHar). HPLC: 97.9% (Method C, tR=5.47 min).

Example 18

Synthesis ofcis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Sodium borohydride (10 mmol) was added to a suspension of7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine(1 mmol) in methanol (5 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 30min, then cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (50 mL) andstirred sufficiently. The resulting mixture was filtered and washed withwater to give the crude product, which was further purified byrecrystallization from a mixture of EtOAc and Hexanes to provide theproduct as a white solid. Yield: 89%. m.p. 227-228° C. Rf=0.16(EtOAc/Hexanes 33.3:66.7). MS: MH+=363. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ7.54-7.15 (m, 8H, CHar), 5.98-5.94 (m, 1H, CH), 4.82-4.78 (m, 1H, CH),2.47-2.13 (m, 2H, CH2). HPLC: 99.8% (Method A, tR=3.67 min).

The non-limiting compounds examples 19-39 were prepared according to theprocedures described in Examples 18 above using the correspondingreagents.

Example 19

cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 88%. m.p. 246-247° C. Rf=0.19 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=379.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.55-7.35 (m, 8H, CHar), 6.17 (dd, J=11.0,6.5 Hz, 1H, CH), 4.81 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H, CH), 2.42-2.30 (m, 2H, CH₂).HPLC: 98.2% (Method A, tR=4.10 min).

Example 20

cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 84%. m.p. 245-246° C. Rf=0.19 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=347.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.52-7.11 (m, 8H, CHar), 5.80 (dd, J=11.0,4.5 Hz, 1H, CH), 4.79 (d, J=11.0 Hz, 1H, CH), 2.46-2.18 (m, 2H, CH₂).HPLC: 98.9% (Method A, tR=3.35 min).

Example 21

cis-7-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 94%. m.p. 224-225° C. Rf=0.14 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=363.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.58-7.17 (m, 8H, CHar), 5.73 (d, J=3.5 Hz,1H, CH), 4.78 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H, CH), 2.44-2.18 (m, 2H, CH2). HPLC:96.8% (Method A, tR=4.12 min).

Example 22

cis-7-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 68%. m.p. 202-204° C. Rf=0.14 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=345.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.56-7.27 (m, 9H, CHar), 7.08 (s, 1H, NH),5.75 (s, 1H, CH), 4.78 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H, CH), 2.46-2.16 (m, 2H, CH2).HPLC: 98.8% (Method A, tR=3.63 min).

Example 23

cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 75%. m.p. 194-195° C. Rf=0.09 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=353.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.47-7.44 (m, 3H, CHar), 7.41-7.38 (m, 2H,CHar), 7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.11 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H, CHar), 5.34(dd, J=10.5, 5.0 Hz, 1H, CH), 4.70 (dd, J=11.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H, CH),2.90-2.82 (m, 1H, CH), 2.42-2.07 (m, 2H, CH2), 1.18 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H,CH3). HPLC: 99.8% (Method A, tR=4.99 min).

Example 24

cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 77%. m.p. 210-212° C. Rf=0.09 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=311.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.48-7.46 (m, 3H, CHar), 7.42-7.39 (m, 2H,CHar), 7.35-7.26 (m, 3H, CHar), 7.22-7.20 (m, 2H, CHar), 5.40-5.37 (m,1H, CH), 4.71 (dd, J=11.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H, CH), 2.45-2.06 (m, 2H, CH2).HPLC: 99.8% (Method A, tR=3.11 min).

Example 25

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 90%. m.p. 271-272° C. Rf=0.17 (EtOAc/Hexanes 33.3:66.7). MS:MH+=363. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.70-7.15 (m, 8H, CHar), 6.05-6.00(m, 1H, CH), 5.16-5.13 (m, 1H, CH), 2.47-2.08 (m, 2H, CH2). HPLC: 99.4%(Method A, tR=3.64 min).

Example 26

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 80%. m.p. 262-263° C. Rf=0.13 (EtOAc/Hexanes 33.3:66.7). MS:MH+=363. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.56-7.17 (m, 8H, CHar), 5.94 (s,1H, CH), 4.81 (s, 1H, CH), 2.48-2.15 (m, 2H, CH2). HPLC: 99.7% (MethodA, tR=3.16 min).

Example 27

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 68%. m.p. 240-241° C. Rf=0.22 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=347.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.52-7.15 (m, 8H, CHar), 5.98-5.93 (m, 1H,CH), 4.82-4.78 (m, 1H, CH), 2.48-2.14 (m, 2H, CH₂). HPLC: 98.4% (MethodA, tR=3.86 min).

Example 28

cis-5-(4-Bromophenyl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 64%. m.p. 246-247° C. Rf=0.22 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=409.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.58-7.15 (m, 8H, CHar), 5.97-5.95 (m, 1H,CH), 4.80-4.77 (m, 1H, CH), 2.43-2.15 (m, 2H, CH₂). HPLC: 99.5% (MethodA, tR=4.09 min).

Example 29

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 90%. m.p. 230-231° C. Rf=0.28 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=357.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.44-7.15 (m, 8H, CHar), 5.97-5.93 (m, 1H,CH), 4.75-4.72 (m, 1H, CH), 2.60 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H, CH2), 2.47-2.15 (m,2H, CH2), 1.17 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H, CH3). HPLC: 99.8% (Method A, tR=3.67min).

Example 30

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 86%. m.p. 221-222° C. Rf=0.20 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=359.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.41-6.93 (m, 8H, CHar), 5.96-5.92 (m, 1H,CH), 4.72 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H, CH), 3.75 (s, 3H, OCH3), 2.46-2.14 (m, 2H,CH2). HPLC: 99.4% (Method A, tR=3.03 min).

Example 31

cis-5-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 84%. m.p. 213-215° C. Rf=0.20 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=405.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.69-7.16 (m, ¹³H, CHar), 6.01-5.97 (m, 1H,CH), 4.85-4.82 (m, 1H, CH), 2.47-2.21 (m, 2H, CH2). HPLC: 99.0% (MethodA, tR=4.92 min).

Example 32

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.72%. m.p. 224-225° C. Rf=0.31 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=379. ¹H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.01-7.16 (m, 11H, CHar), 6.05-6.00 (m, 1H, CH),4.98-4.95 (m, 1H, CH), 2.61-2.27 (m, 2H, CH2, overlapped with the peaksof DMSO). HPLC: 99.6% (Method A, tR=4.02 min).

Example 33

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 77%. m.p. 252-254° C. Rf=0.21 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=397.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.72-7.15 (m, 7H, CHar), 5.97-5.92 (m, 1H,CH), 4.84-4.80 (m, 1H, CH), 2.47-2.14 (m, 2H, CH₂). HPLC: 99.7% (MethodA, tR=4.56 min).

Example 34

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 88%. m.p. 267-269° C. Rf=0.22 (EtOAc/Hexanes 33.3:66.7). MS:MH+=397. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.70-7.15 (m, 7H, CHar), 6.05-6.00(m, 1H, CH), 5.14-5.11 (m, 1H, CH), 2.49-2.09 (m, 2H, CH₂). HPLC: 98.7%(Method A, tR=4.96 min).

Example 35

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 92%. m.p. 225° C. Rf=0.28 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=365. ¹HNMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.65-7.12 (m, 7H, CHar), 6.04-5.99 (m, 1H,CH), 5.05 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H, CH), 2.43-2.23 (m, 2H, CH₂). HPLC: 99.1%(Method A, tR=3.37 min).

Example 36

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 88%. m.p. 223° C. Rf=0.25 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=357. ¹HNMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.41-7.12 (m, 7H, CHar), 5.97-5.92 (m, 1H,CH), 4.69 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H, CH), 2.46-2.14 (m, 2H, CH2, overlapped withthe peaks of two CH3), 2.23 (s, 3H, CH₃, overlapped with the peaks ofCH2), 2.20 (s, 3H, CH₃, overlapped with the peaks of CH₂). HPLC: 99.7%(Method A, tR=3.95 min).

Example 37

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 82%. m.p. 270-271° C. Rf=0.26 (EtOAc/Hexanes 75:25). MS: MH+=329.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.50-7.15 (m, 9H, CHar), 5.99-5.94 (m, 1H,CH), 4.80-4.76 (m, 1H, CH), 2.48-2.16 (m, 2H, CH2). HPLC: 99.5% (MethodA, tR=3.05 min).

Example 38

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 65%. m.p. 232° C. Rf=0.08 (EtOAc/Hexanes 90:10). MS: MH+=330. ¹HNMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.56-8.54 (m, 1H, CHar), 7.87-7.83 (m, 1H,CHar), 7.60-7.13 (m, 6H, CHar), 6.05-5.99 (m, 1H, CH), 4.88-4.85 (m, 1H,CH), 2.60-2.23 (m, 2H, CH₂, overlapped with the peaks of DMSO). HPLC:99.7% (Method A, tR=2.24 min).

Example 39

cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.Yield: 64%. m.p. 230-221° C. Rf=0.14 (EtOAc/Hexanes 90:10). MS: MH+=360.¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.22 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H, CHar), 7.79-7.77 (m,1H, CHar), 7.48-7.16 (m, 4H, CHar), 6.86-6.82 (m, 1H, CHar), 5.98-5.93(m, 1H, CH), 4.79-4.75 (m, 1H, CH), 3.85 (s, 3H, OCH₃), 2.47-2.20 (m,2H, CH₉). HPLC: 95.0% (Method A, tR=2.61 min).

Example 40

Chiral resolution ofcis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine:Chiral resolution of7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5a]pyrimidinewas carried out on the Waters 2695 HPLC instrument, equipped withCHIRALPAK® AD-RH column. Eluent system was: 30% A (H₂O), 70% B (EtOH);flow rate=0.5 mL/min; A=219 nm. The two enantiomers, 40a,(R,S)-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine,and 40b,(S,R)-7-Chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinewere isolated by removal of the solvents from peaks eluted at 43.5minutes and 57.8 minutes respectively. 40a,(R,S)-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine:Rf=0.16 (EtOAc/Hexanes 33.3:66.7). MS: MH+=363. 1H NMR (500 MHz,DMSO-d6): δ 7.54-7.15 (m, 8H, CHar), 5.98-5.94 (m, 1H, CH), 4.82-4.78(m, 1H, CH), 2.47-2.13 (m, 2H, CH₂). HPLC: 99.8% (Method A, tR=3.67min), CHIRALPAK® AD-RH column Rf=43.5 minutes. 40b,(S,R)-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine:Rf=0.16 (EtOAc/Hexanes 33.3:66.7). MS: MH+=363. ¹H NMR (500 MHz,DMSO-d₆): δ 7.54-7.15 (m, 8H, CHar), 5.98-5.94 (m, 1H, CH), 4.82-4.78(m, 1H, CH), 2.47-2.13 (m, 2H, CH2). HPLC: 99.8% (Method A, tR=3.67min), CHIRALPAK® AD-RH column Rf=57.8 minutes.

Procedures

The following procedures can be utilized in evaluating and selectingcompounds that reduces the serum level of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg).

Generation and Testing of Drug-resistant HBV Variants: The plasmidpTREHBV, encoding the HBV genome of ayw serotype (Guo, H.; Jiang, D.;Zhou, T.; Cuconati, A.; Block, T. M.; Guo, J. T., 2007) was used as thebackground wild type construct. Standard molecular biology proceduresemploying the GeneTailor site-directed mutagenesis system (Invitrogen,Carlsbad Calif.) were used to generate single or double point mutationsthat give rise to the following amino acid changes in the polymeraseopen reading frame: A529V, N584T, M5521, M552V, L528M/M552V, andL528M/M552V/T532G/55501 (Seeger, C.; Mason, W. S., 2000; Yotsuyanagi,H.; Koike, K., 2007). To generate the double and quadruple mutants,nucleotide substitutions were introduced sequentially by generatingsingle mutations, confirming the sequence, and introducing additionalmutations into the intermediate construct. All constructs were confirmedby sequencing through Integrated DNA technologies (Coralville Iowa).Primer sequences SEQ ID NO 1 through SEQ ID NO 17 were used formutagenesis.

Transient expression of HBsAg from the mutant and wildtype HBVconstructs was accomplished through transient transfection of plasmidsinto HepG2 cells seeded on 75 cm² flasks, using Lipofectamine 2000reagent (Invitrogen) according to directions. 24 hours followingtransfection, cells were harvested by trypsinization and reseeded into96-well plates at a density of 5×10⁵ cells/well. 24 hours later media ineach well was replaced with media containing test compounds inconcentrations ranging (in half-log steps) from 0.016 to 50.0×10⁻⁶ M, in0.5% DMSO. Control wells contained DMSO alone. Each compoundconcentration was tested in duplicate. HBsAg levels was determined byELISA Assay (Dougherty, A. M.; Guo, H.; Westby, G.; Liu, Y.; Simsek, E.;Guo, J.; Mehta, A.; Norton, P. G., B.; Block, T.; Cuconati, A. 2007),and EC50 values were calculated. For each mutant HBV genome, compoundswere tested at least 5 and up to 10 times, allowing calculation ofstandard deviation.

HBsAg ELISA capture wells were made by incubation of 25 μL of commercialmonoclonal anti-HBsAg (clone M701077, Fitzgerald Industries, ConcordMass.) diluted in binding buffer (0.17% Na2CO3, 0.29% NaHCO₃, pH 9.6) to0.9 mg/ml, in each well of polystyrene 96-well plates. Incubation was at4° C. overnight, followed by washing twice with 150 μL/well of PBS/0.5%Tween 20 (PBST) with shaking Capture wells were blocked with 150 μLPBST/2.0% BSA at 37° C. for 1 hr, followed by washing twice as describedabove. Following the second wash, cell culture supernatants from cellplates containing compounds were transferred and processed as describedbelow.

Following compound addition, cell plates were incubated at 37° C. in5.0% CO₂ atmosphere for six days. Following incubation, 150 μL of mediafrom each well was transferred to blocked ELISA capture plates preparedas detailed above, and incubated for 4 days at 4° C. Media was removed,plates were washed, and 25 μL/well of detection antibody (horseradishperoxidase-conjugated anti-surface antigen mouse monoclonal antibodyfrom Auzyme ELISA kit, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, Ill.), dilutedto 0.625 ng/ml in PBST/2.0% BSA, was added. Plates were incubated at 37°C. for 1 hr., washed twice with 150 μL/well of PBST, with shaking, and50 μL/well of BM Blue POD substrate (POD, Roche, Indianapolis, Ind.) wasadded. Plates were allowed to develop at room temperature a minimum of20 minutes, and color change was determined by absorbance colorimetry ina SLT Rainbow spectrophotometer (Tecan US, Research Triangle Park, N.C.)at 650 nm with a reference wavelength of 490 nm, and best fit curveanalysis of results with XLfit 4.0 (IDBS; Bridgewater, N.J.). Degree ofinhibition was calculated against multiple negative control sampleswhere only DMSO was incubated with cells. In addition each plate hadmultiple wells containing 1.0 mM DTT as a reference inhibitor. Onlycurves with R² values of above 0.5 were considered to produce valid EC₅₀values.

Results for representative compounds according to the present inventionare listed in Table 2 and Table 3 below.

TABLE 2 Examples of Selected Compounds from Formulas I, II, III, IV, Vand VI and their Potencies for Biological Activity in Wild Type HBVExample ELISA, number EC₅₀ (uM)*  1 2.3 ± 2.1  2 1.8 ± 1.2  3 1.4 ± 0.4 4 3.6 ± 2.0  5 7.8 ± 3.2  6 2.2 ± 0.9  7 2.5 ± 1.2  8 3.0 ± 1.6  9 3.2± 1.2 10 8.9 ± 3.6 11 2.8 ± 2.1 12 3.1 ± 1.4 13 2.3 ± 1.3 14 2.6 ± 0.915 2.8 ± 2.0 16 1.7 ± 1.1 17 >50 18 4.1 ± 2.1 19 4.7 ± 1.9 20 2.7 ± 1.021 2.7 ± 0.7 22 3.0 ± 0.7 23 8.8 ± 3.2  24 34.2 ± 13.6 25 3.2 ± 1.8 2612.1 ± 3.6  27 5.9 ± 3.3 28 2.1 ± 1.0 29 7.4 ± 1.7 30 46.6 ± 3.2  31 3.0± 1.3 32 2.9 ± 0.7 33 5.2 ± 1.9 34 5.7 ± 1.9 35 11.2 ± 2.2  36 2.2 ± 0.537 40.8 ± 15.9 38 >50 39 >50 40a 4.2 ± 1.6 40b 35.6 ± 15.3 *EC50: 50%effective concentration, measured by the HBsAg ELISA assay in HepG2stably transfected with wildtype HBV construct (HepG2.2.15).

TABLE 3 Examples of Selected Compounds from Formulas I, II, III, IV, Vand VI and their Potencies for Biological Activity in Resistant HBVResistance Phenotype None Adefovir Lamivudine/Telbivudine EntecavirGenotype Example Wild Type A529V N584T M552I L528M/M552VL528M/M552V/T532G/ Number EC₅₀ (μM)** 1 8.4 ± 2.3 5.8 ± 1.7 5.6 ± 1.89.1 ± 1.8 10.3 ± 8.2 8.3 ± 1.3 25 6.9 ± 0.6 1.8 ± 0.5 6.4 ± 0.4 4.0 ±0.5  8.5 ± 1.2 8.4 ± 3.7 *EC₅₀: 50% effective concentration, measured bythe HBsAg ELISA assay in HepG2 transiently transfected with resistantHBV constructs.

SEQUENCE LISTING Sequence  I.D. Number Nucleotide Sequence SEQ ID NO 1 GCCTCAGCCC GTTTCTCCTG GTTCAGTTTA CTAG SEQ ID NO 2   CAGGAGAAAC GGGCTGAGGC CCACTCCCAT SEQ ID NO 3   CCAATTTTCT TTTGTCTTTG GGTGTACATT               TAACCCCTAA CAAAACSEQ ID NO 4  ACCCAAAGACAAAAGAAAATTGGTAACAGCGGT SEQ ID NO 5          GTTGCTGTAC CAAACCTTCG G SEQ ID NO 6            GTTCTTGTGG CAATGACCC SEQ ID NO 7 GTCTTTGGGT ATACATTTAA CCCCTAACAA AAC SEQ ID NO 8  TAAATGTATA CCCAAAGACA AAAGAAAATT G SEQ ID NO 9 GGGCCTCAGC CCGTTTCTCA TGGCTCAGTT TAC SEQ ID NO 10   GAGAAACGGG CTGAGGCCCA CTCCCATAGG SEQ ID NO 11CACTGTTTGG CTTTCAGTTA TGTGGATGAT GTGGT SEQ ID NO 12  ATAACTGAAA GCCAAACAGT GGGGGAAAGC C SEQ ID NO 13CACTGTTTGG CTTTCAGTTA TATCGATGAT GTGGT SEQ ID NO 14 CGTTTCTCAT GGCTCAGTTT GGTAGTGCCA TTTC SEQ ID NO 15   AAACTGAGCC ATGAGAAACG GGCTGAGGCC SEQ ID NO 16  CCCCCACTGT TTGGCTTTCA TTTATGTGGA TG SEQ ID NO 17   GAAAGCCAAA CAGTGGGGGA AAGCCCTACG

What is claimed:
 1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising apharmaceutically acceptable carrier and the R-enantiomer of at least oneselected from the group consisting of:7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;5-(4-Bromophenyl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;5-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;and7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, comprising theR-enantiomer of at least one selected from the group consisting of:7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;and5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.3. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier and the S-enantiomer of at least one selected from the groupconsisting of:7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;5-(4-Bromophenyl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;5-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;and7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, comprising theS-enantiomer of at least one selected from the group consisting of:7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;and5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier and the R,S-isomer of at least one selected from the groupconsisting of:cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-5-(4-Bromophenyl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-5-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;andcis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 5, comprising theR,S-enantiomer of at least one selected from the group consisting of:cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;andcis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine.7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier and the S,R-isomer of at least one selected from the groupconsisting of:cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-5-(4-Bromophenyl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-5-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-7-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-^(a)]-pyrimidinc;andcis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7, comprising theS,R-enantiomer of at least one selected from the group consisting of:cis-7-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine;andcis-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine.9. The composition of claims 1, further comprising an antiviralcompound.
 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the antiviral compoundis a nucleoside antiviral compound, a nucleotide antiviral compound, orany mixtures thereof.
 11. A method for treating a hepatitis virusinfection in a patient, the method comprising administering an effectiveamount of the composition of claim 1 to a patient in need thereof. 12.The method of claim 11, wherein the hepatitis virus is a hepadnaviridaefamily virus or hepatitis delta virus.
 13. The method of claim 11,wherein the hepatitis virus is hepatitis B virus.